The external services of All India Radio are broadcast in 27 languages to countries outside India via high-power shortwave band broadcasts. All frequencies are in kHz, unless otherwise noted. The headquarters of the Regional Deputy Directors General are located in Delhi and Chandigarh (NR), Lucknow and Bhopal (CR), Guwahati (NER), Kolkata (ER), Mumbai and Ahmedabad (WR), Chennai and Bangalore (SR). FM broadcasting began on 23 July 1977 in Chennai, and expanded during the 1990s. Television broadcasting began in Delhi in 1959 as part of AIR, but was split off from the radio network as Doordarshan on 1 April 1976. On 3 October 1957, the Vividh Bharati Service was launched, to compete with Radio Ceylon.
The total number of radio sets in India at that time was about 275,000. The three radio stations at Lahore, Peshawar and Dhaka remained in what became Pakistan after the division. When India became independent in 1947, the AIR network had only six stations (Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Lucknow, and Tiruchirappalli). He wrote and directed the first modern radio-play for this station in 1942. The foremost among them, NatyaguruNurul Momen, became the trail-blazer of the talk-show in 1939. This station catered and nurtured the pioneers of Bengali intellectuals. 1939 also saw the opening of the Dhaka station of Eastern India, in what is now Bangladesh. It was intended to counter radio propaganda from Germany directed at Afghanistan, Persia and Arab nations. On 1 October 1939, the External Service began with a broadcast in Pushtu.
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